Here's a structured breakdown of the CCSU LLB Old Question Papers (2016–2024) for Criminology and Penology (K-4004), organized as per the official syllabus chapters, including key case laws wherever applicable:
PAPER – IV: CRIMINOLOGY AND PENOLOGY (K-4004)
1. Criminology – Definition, Nature, Scope & Methods of Study
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Define criminology. (2018, 2019, 2022, 2023)
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Importance/scope of criminology. (2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024)
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Methods of study of criminology. (2016, 2019)
Relevant Case Law:
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Ram Manohar Lohia v. State of Bihar (1966 AIR 740): Significance of understanding socio-political factors behind crimes.
2. Schools of Criminology
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Clinical School (2016)
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Sociological School (2018)
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Classical School (2019)
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Italian School (2022)
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Demonological School (2023)
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Comparative discussion of various schools (2024)
Relevant Case Law:
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Not many direct case laws, but theoretical schools influence judicial reasoning on criminal responsibility and sentencing.
3. Factors in Causation of Crimes
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Role of family (2022)
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Role of economic condition (2017)
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Causes of increase in crime (2024)
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Role of individual and society in crime control (2024)
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Causes of juvenile delinquency (2016, 2018, 2022)
Relevant Case Law:
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Gopal Krishan v. State of Uttarakhand (2013): Court stressed socio-economic causation of crime.
4. Specific Crimes
(a) Organized Crime:
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Questions from 2016, 2018, 2022, 2023, 2024
(b) White Collar Crime:
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2017, 2018, 2023, 2024
(c) Socio-Economic Crime:
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2017, 2023
(d) Juvenile Delinquency:
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2016, 2018, 2022
Relevant Case Law:
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State v. Mohd. Afzal Guru (2005): Organized crime discussion.
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Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab (1994): Socio-economic crimes and special laws.
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Sheela Barse v. Union of India (1986): Rights and protection of juveniles.
5. New Dimensions of Criminology
Frequently Asked Topics:
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Victimology (2016, 2023)
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Recent judicial trends in victim compensation (2022)
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Clinical Service role in crime prevention (2016)
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Children in need of care and protection (2022)
Relevant Case Law:
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Delhi Domestic Working Women's Forum v. Union of India (1995): Victim compensation guidelines.
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Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty (1996): Interim compensation to rape victim.
6. Penology – Concept of Punishment & Treatment
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Define punishment (2019, 2023)
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Treatment vs. Punishment (2016, 2017, 2022)
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Object of punishment (2023)
Relevant Case Law:
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Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1978): Treatment of prisoners.
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T.V. Vatheeswaran v. State of Tamil Nadu (1983): Delay in execution amounts to cruelty.
7. Schools of Penology & Theories of Punishment
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Theories of punishment (2018, 2019, 2023, 2024)
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Which theory is most appropriate? (2023)
Relevant Case Law:
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Jagmohan Singh v. State of U.P. (1973): Retributive vs. reformative approach.
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Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980): "Rarest of rare" doctrine in capital punishment.
8. Capital Punishment
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Arguments for and against capital punishment (2016, 2017, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024)
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Constitutional validity of capital punishment (2016, 2022)
Relevant Case Law:
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Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980): Upheld constitutional validity of death penalty.
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Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab (1983): Clarified “rarest of rare” cases.
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Kehar Singh v. Union of India (1989): Power of clemency.
9. Prison Reform
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Problems in Indian prison system and suggestions (2017, 2018)
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Role of prison in penology (2016)
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Prison labour (2022)
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Open prison (2022)
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Development of prison system in India (2024)
Relevant Case Law:
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Charles Sobhraj v. Superintendent, Central Jail (1978): Prisoners' rights.
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Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979): Speedy trial and overcrowded prisons.
10. Alternatives to Imprisonment – Probation, Parole, Open Prison
Frequently Asked Questions:
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Define and differentiate Parole, Furlough, Probation (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024)
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Parole system in India – Constitution, Board, Rehabilitation (2016, 2022, 2024)
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Open prison (2022)
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Aftercare program (2023)
Relevant Case Law:
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Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of West Bengal (2011): Rehabilitative justice emphasized.
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State of Haryana v. Mohinder Singh (2000): Parole not a matter of right but consideration of reformation.
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