How to make geography notes for UPSC?

First, we have to understand the course for Prelims and Mains syllabus for the Civil Service Examination(CSE).

Prelims:

Mains: 

World Physical Geography:

Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.

Indian Geography:

Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India). Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclones, etc., geographical features and their location changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

After reading the syllabus we have to first understand that we can use NCERT for reading the basis of geography. We can download the class 11 and 12 books and try to revise them two times then we can try to make the notes:

Fundamental of Physical Geography (Class 11) What to Read?

India Physical Environment (Class 11) What to Read?

Fundamentals of Human Geography (Class 12) What to Read?

India -People And Economy (Class 12) What to Read?

Last year these were the questions asked in the examination:

4. Discuss the consequences of climate change on food security in tropical countries. (2023)

5. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (2023)

6. How are the fords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (2023)

7. Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiya (easterly) in the Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (2023)

Prelims:

(PYQ2023) Q.1. Consider the following statements:

1. Jhelum River passes through Wular Lake.

2. Krishna River directly feeds Kolleru Lake.

3. Meandering of Gandak River formed Kanwar Lake.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three 

(d) None

(PYQ2023) Q.2. Consider the following pairs:

        Port                                    Well Known as 

1. Kamarajar Port             First major port in India registered as a company
2. Mundra Port                 Largest privately owned port in India
3. Visakhapatnam Port     Largest container port in India   

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

(a) Only one pair

(b) Only two pairs

(c) All three pairs

(d) None of the pairs